Several schools of miniature painting flourished in the sub-Himalayan states towards the close of the Mughal rule in India during the 17th and 19th centuries, which are collectively referred as ‘Pahari’ paintings. Rajput kings or chieftains who were all great connoisseurs of art ruled the hilly region, comprising of twenty two princely states, extending from Jammu to Almora. This art dealt with themes from literature and mythology and infused new ideas and techniques in their creations. A typical ‘Pahari’ composition consists of several figures, skilfully grouped and full of movement, and each is distinct in terms of clothing, hairstyle and pigmentation. Some of the great Pahari painters include Pandit Seu of Guler and his sons Manaku and Nainsukh. The Pahari paintings can be classified into two groups: the northern series called the ‘Jammu or Dogra School’ and the southern series called the ‘Kangra School’.
Basholi Paintings:
The Basohli style of painting is a distinctive form of Indian miniature painting that originated in the 17th century in the town of Basohli, located in the present-day state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This style is renowned for its bold and vibrant colours, intricate detailing, and unique compositions. Basohli paintings are considered one of the earliest examples of Pahari painting, which later evolved into the Kangra and other Pahari styles. Basohli paintings often depict themes from Hindu mythology, particularly scenes from the Ramayana and the life of Lord Krishna. The Raslila, depicting Krishna’s playful interactions with the gopis (cowherd girls), is a common subject in Basohli paintings. Other popular themes include scenes from the Bhagavata Purana and various ragas (musical modes).
Kangra Paintings:
Kangra painting is a style of Indian miniature painting that originated in the princely state of Kangra, located in the foothills of the Himalayas in the present-day state of Himachal Pradesh, India. This style flourished from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century under the patronage of the Kangra rulers and later under the patronage of the Sikh rulers of Punjab. Kangra paintings are known for their naturalistic style, with an emphasis on capturing the beauty of the natural world. The paintings often feature lush landscapes, delicate flora, fauna, and serene rural settings.
Kangra paintings often depict scenes from Hindu mythology, particularly the love story of Radha and Krishna. Other common themes include scenes from Lord Krishna’s life and poetic and literary themes. Kangra painting is considered one of the finest examples of Indian miniature painting. It had a significant influence on later styles of Indian art, including the Pahari schools of painting and the broader development of Indian art in the 19th and 20th centuries. Kangra paintings are admired for their lyrical beauty, delicate details, and evocative portrayal of nature and human emotions.